IoT Based Real-Time Prototype Design for Smart Aquaculture Ecosystem Monitoring Using ESP32

In conventional aquaculture setups, manual feeding poses challenges due to its labor-intensive nature and susceptibility to errors, resulting in irregular feeding schedules and imprecise food portions. However, the Smart Aquaculture Ecosystem initiative leverages Internet of Things (IoT) technology to revolutionize this aspect by integrating automation and remote monitoring, effectively overcoming these limitations. By incorporating a servo motor and an ESP32 module seamlessly integrated with Adafruit IO, the need for manual feeding is entirely eliminated. This integration ensures precise feeding schedules, significantly reducing the likelihood of both overfeeding and underfeeding, thereby promoting optimal fish nutrition and growth. Furthermore, the system can incorporate additional sensors such as a pH sensor and a DS18B20 temperature sensor to facilitate continuous monitoring of water quality and temperature respectively. This real-time monitoring capability allows for timely interventions to maintain ideal environmental conditions for aquatic life. Additionally, an automatic cooler fan is activated to safeguard fish from potential harm caused by sudden temperature fluctuations, thereby enhancing their welfare and minimizing stress. The inclusion of two ultrasonic sensors further improves the system's ability to monitor food and water levels in real-time, enabling efficient management of resources and enhancing overall operational efficiency. Adafruit IO's platform plays a pivotal role in enhancing the system's capabilities by providing robust automation, remote monitoring, and real-time environmental control functionalities. All things considered, this novel approach is a noteworthy development in aquaculture technology, offering improved sustainability, effectiveness, and fish welfare. With sensor data accuracy at 95 percent and effective system accuracy at 98 percent, this innovative aquaculture approach enhances sustainability, effectiveness, and fish welfare. This comprehensive suite of features optimizes aquarium management procedures, ensuring greater efficacy and efficiency in maintaining aquatic ecosystems.