IoT-based Railway Level Crossing Gate Control System

Railway safety remains a critical concern, particularly at railway crossings where the convergence of vehicles and trains poses inherent risks. This project proposes a comprehensive solution utilizing LoRa (long-range) communication modules, infrared (IR) sensors, and ultrasonic sensors to develop an advanced train tracking and railway gate safety system. The system architecture comprisesa transmitter (TX) side and a receiver (RX) side, each with specialized functionalities. On the TX side, IR and ultrasonic sensors are employed to detect the presence of an approaching train and accurately measure its distance from the railway gate. These sensors continuously monitor the railway track, providing real-time train movement and proximity data. Data collected by the sensors are processed by the Arduino Uno microcontroller and transmitted wirelessly to the RX side using LoRa modules, ensuring reliable long-range communication even in remote areas. On the RX side, received data are analyzed to trigger appropriate responses to enhance railway safety. Upon detecting an approaching train, the system activates a buzzer to alert pedestrians and motorists of the impending hazard. Furthermore, utilizing the relay, the system autonomously controls the opening and closing of the railway gate based on the train's proximity. Advanced algorithms govern gate operation, ensuring seamless coordination with train movement to minimize the risk of collisions oraccidents.