Design and Optimisation of a Telescopic Operational Amplifier

This paper presents the design and simulation of a telescopic operational amplifier (op-amp) using UMC 180 nm technology for a supply voltage of 1.8 V. A key focus of the design was to achieve a high gain and a wide input common-mode input range (ICMR) to accommodate a broad spectrum of input signals. Significant improvements were implemented on the initial circuit design, enabling the op-amp to attain an impressive DC gain of 70 dB and a unity gain bandwidth of 6.2 MHz. This enhancement underscores its capability to substantially amplify input signals. High gain is essential for amplifying weak signals accurately and for achieving high precision in analog signal processing applications. PVT analysis was conducted as part of the design process to examine parameter variations across different process, voltage, and temperature conditions. The op-amp boasts a functional ICMR between 0.6 V and 1.2 V, making it adaptable to various applications which also signifies a well-balanced design.