Research on Wireless Protocols for Organizing a Remote Control and Monitoring System Based on ESP8266

This article investigates the effectiveness of wireless protocols in various data transmission scenarios for different automation systems based on ESP8266 microcontrollers. The ESP-NOW, TCP/IP, and ESP-MESH protocols were subjected to a comparative analysis based on data transmission latency, data loss, signal strength (RSSI), data processing speed, and energy efficiency. It was found that the ESP-NOW protocol demonstrates the highest energy efficiency and data transmission stability within a range of 100 meters. It proves to be the optimal choice for IoT systems where long-range data transmission in 2.4GHz networks and minimal power consumption are critical. The TCP/IP stack is also effective but requires careful resource planning due to its scalability limitations of up to 20 devices in the network. ESP-MESH provides high data transmission stability but demands significant resources and has high power consumption, making it less suitable for mobile and energy- efficient applications. After conducting experiments, it became clear that the working range for ESP-NOW is 115 meters, for TCP/IP is 55 meters, and for ESP-MESH is 120 meters. The lowest average latency was shown by the TCP/IP stack at 47 microseconds. The average latency for ESP-NOW was 5319 microseconds, and for ESP-MESH, it was 315785 microseconds. The average RSSI values were −83 dBm for ESP-NOW, −77.4 dBm for TCP/IP, and −82 dBm for ESP-MESH. Conclusions were drawn based on the data obtained during the experiments.