A Compact High-Gain Multi-Beam Lens Antenna Utilizing Quasi-Conformal Transformation Optics

This paper describes the construction of an innovative multi-beam Luneburg lens antenna with a dielectric structure and suggests a new method for miniaturizing planar lens antennas. This research uses Quasi-Conformal Transform Optics (QCTO) to develop a transformational link between spatial coordinates and the electromagnetic properties of materials to achieve miniaturization of antenna dimensions. The antenna layout consists of a distorted Luneburg lens with a radius of $3.75\lambda$ surrounded by metal plates, and a linear array of seven microstrip antennas operating at 10 GHz. The antenna array enables generating seven separate beams by selectively activating elements, allowing for a scanning range of $\pm 30^{\circ}$ in the azimuth plane. Each beam attains a gain greater than 15 dBi. In contrast to typical planar lens antennas, this antenna has a size reduction of more than 30% and may be fed using a linear array.