Broadband Beamforming via Frequency Invariance Transformation and PARAFAC Decomposition for Jamming Mitigation in V2X Scenarios

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication can considerably improve the efficiency and safety of autonomous driving and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs). However, V2X communication can be considerably degraded in the presence of cyberattacks, such as radio jamming. Traditionally, beamforming techniques can be applied to increase the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR). This paper evaluates broadband beamforming in the mmWave spectrum against radio jamming in V2X communication. The exploitation of the mm Wave spectrum in 5G-V2X communication has a natural advantage against radio jamming. First, attenuation is stronger in the mmWave spectrum in the range of 40 GHz or higher than in the traditional 5.9 GHz. Second, to generate broadband radio jamming, the radio jammer requires much more complex hardware and energy consumption. Third, by using broadband beamforming, broadband radio jamming can be considerably attenuated, limiting the degradation of the spectrum by the radio jamming. According to our numerical results, gains of close to 30 dB SINR can be achieved. We propose a broad-band beamforming technique based on the canonical polyadic decomposition via generalized eigenvalue decomposition (CPD-GEVD). The CPD-GEVD broadband beamforming outperforms state-of-the-art beamforming algorithms in most V2X scenarios presented in this paper.