PPL-enc: A Personalized Pixel-Level Scheme for Video Privacy Protection

With the rapid development of internet and computer technologies, video has become increasingly prevalent in information dissemination and daily communication. However, video data often contains a substantial amount of sensitive and private information, leading to security risks during its usage, such as privacy breaches, copyright infringements, and data theft. Current efforts in video encryption primarily focus on block-level or whole-frame-level encryption within video frames, which fails to achieve fine-grained privacy protection and lacks personalized access control. Moreover, many approaches also suffer from inadequate real-time performance and excessive storage overhead.To address these issues, we proposes a personalized pixel-level scheme for video privacy protection: PPL-enc. PPL-enc employs an instance segmentation model to delineate regions containing privacy information at the pixel level within video frames. Subsequently, we apply a highly real-time quadruple encryption algorithm to the pixel values within sensitive regions, which is performed before encoding and is robust to lossy compression. Different encryption keys utilize Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) for personalized access control, allowing terminal users with different identities to access different content upon video decryption. We conduct extensive evaluations on the quality and efficiency of encryption and decryption, as well as security analysis, to demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed scheme. Experimental results show that the single-frame encryption overhead of PPL-enc is consistently less than 0.1s across videos of various resolutions, with the encrypted area having an average PSNR of 8.50 dB and an average SSIM of 0.079.