Multi-BS Multi-Target Localization for ISAC Systems

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) represents the forefront of next-generation wireless system applications, which offers the capability to concurrently facilitate high-rate communication and high-precision target localization. Leveraging communication core networks, ISAC systems exploit multiple base stations (BS) to collaborate in sensing, thereby enhancing sensing performance. This paper investigates the cooperative ISAC system using multiple BS for multiple passive target localization. Specifically, we introduce a Time of Arrival (TOA) based multi-target localization scheme, which leverages the bi-static range (BR) measurement between active BS, target and passive BS to achieve elliptical localization. Additionally, we propose a successive cancellation list grid-search (SCL-GS) algorithm to address the measurement-to-target association (MTA) problem, obtaining a favorable balance between localization accuracy and computational complexity. Simulation results validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed localization methodology.