Mode Measurement of Vortex Electromagnetic Wave with Random Receiving Array Element Defects via Low Rank Matrix Completion

Vortex electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum have been widely studied in many fields because of their unique helical phase structure. The vortex electromagnetic waves can be received by the array elements uniformly placed on the receiving aperture. However, in practical applications, the receiving array elements may be missing or damaged for various reasons, resulting in the loss of some receiving data. The existing mode measurement methods of vortex electromagnetic waves are unsuitable for the case of random receiving array element defects. Considering the low rank property of the Hankel matrix arranged from the vortex electric field, we propose a novel mode measurement method based on low rank matrix completion. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has satisfactory mode measurement performance even with serious random receiving array element defects. The comparison experiments show that the proposed method outperforms other conventional methods in terms of mode measurement performance.