An In-depth Analysis of Kerberos and Blockchain Integration on VANETs’ Security and Performance

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are essential for modern transportation systems, but their openness exposes them to cyber threats. Authentication in VANETs is challenged by dynamic topology and high mobility, requiring robust mechanisms. Previously, we proposed an authentication system for VANETs using blockchain and Kerberos. Kerberos authenticator messages are stored in a blockchain ledger accessible to the Trusted Authentication Server (TAS) and Roadside Units (RSUs), resulting in minimal signaling overhead and authentication delay. However, the performance of the blockchain itself was not evaluated. In this paper, we investigate the blockchain’s performance in a simulated VANET environment with 100 vehicles, 4 RSUs, and 1 TAS. Using Ethereum blockchain and Omnet++ simulation, we assess the blockchain feasibility in VANET authentication scenarios.