Modeling and Analysis of the Performance for CIS-Based Bluetooth LE Audio

Wireless audio transmission has always been the focus of Bluetooth application scenarios. Future audio use cases, such as multistreaming to assist stereo imaging experiences, broadcast audio sharing, hearing aid support, etc., have higher requirements for Quality of Service (QoS). Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) Audio is considered to be a replacement for the Bluetooth classic audio standard in the next generation of audio applications. In low-energy (LE) Audio, the audio data is carried by connected isochronous streams (CISs), which is a logical transport that enables the transmission of isochronous data. However, until now, the performance of CIS-based LE Audio has not been fully analyzed. In this article, we propose a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of CIS, such as packet loss rate (PLR), throughput, backlog, delay, and average power consumption. In addition, the feasibility of multihop transmission based on CIS is explored, and the model is extended to analyze the end-to-end PLR and throughput. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model is verified by simulation results, and the relationship between CIS parameters and performance is analyzed, providing guidance for parameter selection in LE Audio applications.