A Survey on Extended Reality, Digital Twins, and Metaverse Applications in Power Systems

With the accelerating digitalization of power systems, technologies like the Metaverse (MV), Digital Twins (DTs), and Extended Reality (XR) present new opportunities to optimize decision-making processes in the energy sector. However, Research and Development (R&D) in this area is challenging due to its multidisciplinary nature and the blurred boundaries between these concepts. Given this scenario, this article surveys the literature over the period 2010–2023 on the MV, DTs, and XR within the context of the energy sector, investigating how these technologies can address the current challenges of this sector. To achieve that, five application fields were identified, namely 1) energy market and demand management; 2) training and occupational safety; 3) performance and real-time control; 4) maintenance and inspection; and 5) project planning. The most recommended technology for each application field was also identified. Moreover, the development tools and technical challenges of the reviewed studies were mapped to provide a broader view of current implementation approaches and literature gaps. Finally, this review also provides directions for future research and a map of requirements for the widespread adoption of these technologies in power systems.