Platooning in Connected Vehicles: A Review of Current Solutions, Standardization Activities, Cybersecurity, and Research Opportunities

Over the past few years, we have witnessed notable advancements in connected vehicle technologies, illustrating significant progress in their interactions with drivers, as well as with various other networks and devices. One remarkable advancement is the Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) and the specialized service known as the platoon system, which entails vehicles traveling closely together in a convoy-like manner. Numerous pilot projects, academic studies, and standardization initiatives have been dedicated to exploring platooning functions. In this paper, we provide an overview of platooning and CACC protocols, examining them from both academic and industry perspectives. We analyze and compare some of the recently published research works and projects related to Platooning. Furthermore, we discuss and analyze the cybersecurity requirements and potential threats associated with platooning. Finally, we discuss some key research challenges and open research issues in the platooning context that require further investigation in the future by the academic and the industrial communities.