Increasing Efficiency and Extending Lifetime of Red Micro Light-Emitting Diodes Through Sidewall Treatment for Improved Reliability

The micro light-emitting diodes ( $\mu $ LEDs) offer advantages that make it an attractive option for various applications, such as displays, lighting, AR/VR, and consumer electronics. The light output power (LOP) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of $\mu $ LEDs are the crucial parameters that impact the performance and suitability of these devices. Ongoing studies are focused on addressing the issue of $\mu $ LEDs. In this study, we propose several treatment strategies to modify the sidewall of $\mu $ LEDs and improve the performance of devices. The results show that the $\mu $ LEDs treated with citric acid (CA) and ammonium sulfide [(NH $_{{4}}\text {)}_{{2}}$ Sx] for 1 h have the best improvement in LOP by 93.3%, and EQE increases by 91.3%. In addition, the reliability of $\mu $ LEDs with different sidewall treatments was studied under long-term aging and high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. The treatment method for $\mu $ LEDs has made significant contributions to the performance of devices, bringing about advancements in various key areas.