An Innovative Secure and Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning Based Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Intrusion Detection in Internet-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks

Cyberspace faces numerous security challenges, necessitating advanced research in intrusion detection systems (IDS) to mitigate vulnerabilities. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) connected to the Internet are particularly vulnerable, requiring robust protection mechanisms. Traditional IDS struggle with identifying unknown attacks and maintaining data privacy, especially in WSNs. This study proposes a novel approach integrating Stacked Convolutional Neural Networks (SCNN), Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), and the African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) within a framework of Federated Learning (FL). The integrated model, SCNN-Bi-LSTM-AVOA-FL, aims to enhance intrusion detection efficacy while preserving data privacy. A tailored AVOA optimization method fine-tunes SCNN-Bi-LSTM hyperparameters, leveraging specialized datasets (WSN-DS, CIC-IDS-2017, and WSN-BFSF) for attack detection and categorization. Evaluations compare variants with and without FL techniques (proposed-1 and proposed-2) across metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. Results demonstrate significant improvements in prediction performance, validating the efficacy of the proposed approach in enhancing IDS capabilities for WSNs. This research contributes a comprehensive framework for addressing security challenges in WSNs through advanced machine learning and optimization techniques.