Phase-quantum tunnel device

Theoretical and Experimental study on granular superconductors shows that (i) they are classified into two groups; fixed-phase superconductor (Θ-superconductor) and fixed-pair-number superconductor (N-superconductor), and that (ii) a new macroscopic quantum device with conjugate property to Josephson effect can be made by use of N-superconductors.