Coverage Probability and Area Spectral Efficiency of Full Duplex Communication in C-V2X Network with Dual Connectivity

This paper presents a novel method for using full duplex (FD) communication across shared channels in cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) networks providing an alternate to previously available and widely accepted separate channel framework for side link (PC-5 interface) and cellular link (Uu interface) in vehicular communication. Three modes have been defined in this work for communication in V2X networks. Mode A and Mode B consider already available half duplex (HD) Direct Short Range Communication (DSRC) and C-V2X while Mode C for FD communication in C-V2X has been proposed for the first time. We have derived retractable mathematical model for success probability of FD for C-V2X network while expressions for area spectral efficiency (ASE) have also been formulated based on Shannon Channel Capacity model. Dual connectivity (DC) for simultaneous link of receiving vehicle with nearest transmitting vehicle and base station (BS) has also been analyzed for the first time for HD and FD in C-V2X network over shared channels. It was commonly believed that use of FD in a network will adversely affect performance due to increase in self-interference (SI). Analytical and simulation results have affirmed that utilization of Mode 3 i.e. FD in C-V2X network provides comparable success probability as compared to HD, while ASE for Mode 3 fares better due to enhanced capacity of FD communication. Our network model takes into account vehicles, pedestrians and traffic infrastructure distributed according to Cox Process while 2-Dimensional (2-D) Poisson Point Process (PPP) is used for plotting BSs. Association probability based on distance with nearest neighbor (Nearest Neighbor Criterion - NNC) has been utilized in our network and also compared with DC. Monte Carlo simulations along with analytical results have shown that the success probability of FD remains close to HD in terms of signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) in the range from -40 dBW to 60 dBW. Success probability for different values of self-interference (SIC) in FD network has also been compared to signify importance of achieving perfect self-interference cancellation (SIC). FD in C-V2X network has shown to significantly improve ASE with gain of 2.55 dB over Direct Short Range Communication (DSRC) and 2 dB over HD in CV2X network for specific conditions. Remarkably, no degradation in ASE has been observed in case of DC for HD and FD, accentuating a strong case for adoption of DC with FD broadly across C-V2X networks to improve network reliability. Moreover, it has been shown that ASE for FD improves as compared to HD for DSRC and C-V2X network when evaluated for different density of vehicles, BSs and roads