A Review of Transmission line fault distance and direction estimation using various techniques

There is no system that is fault-free and creating one would not be practicable or cost-effective. Contemporary power systems are associated with serious issues of faults on high voltage transmission lines. There are flaws in the power system because of the numerous instances of abnormal circumstances, such as natural occurrences, physical accidents, equipment failure, and improper operation. Instant isolation of fault is necessary to maintain the system stability. Protective relay utilizes current and voltage signals to detect, classify, and locate the fault in transmission line. In this paper, an artificial neural network-based method for precise fault distance and direction estimate is given for the protection of transmission lines. The proposed method uses the voltage and current available at only the local end of line. This method is adaptive to the variation of fault location, fault inception angle and fault resistance. Fault simulations using MATLAB/Simulink have proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed scheme has a significant advantage over more traditional direction relaying algorithms viz.it is suitable for high resistance fault.