Electromagnetic Radiation Leakage Imaging Localization on the Spacecraft Surface

The localization of electromagnetic radiation leakage through cabin gaps is a critical and challenging aspect of electromagnetic compatibility design for spacecraft. This paper proposes a localization method based on synthetic aperture interferometric passive radiometry imaging. Electromagnetic radiation signals are measured at a certain distance from the spacecraft surface to form visibility samples. These visibility samples and the modified brightness temperature of the spacecraft surface electromagnetic radiation leakage constitute a pair for Fourier transform. The electromagnetic leakage location image of spacecraft surface is obtained through inverse Fourier transform. A sparse sampling method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed to improve testing efficiency. The impacts of various factors, including positional parameters, positioning accuracy of the test antenna, and scanning parameters on the imaging results are analyzed. Experiments are conducted on a cabin with 1 m $\times 1$ m $\times 1$ m having 51 holes on one surface. The algorithm proposed in this article is validated to effectively image and locate electromagnetic leakage points at different frequencies, with an absolute positioning error not exceeding 16mm. In addition, the effectiveness of the sparse sampling method is confirmed. Hence, it can accurately locate the position of electromagnetic leakage by saving 83.3% of the test time, with a misjudgment rate of 5.9%.