Shadow Fading Model for UAV-to-Ground Channel under Built-up Scenarios

A realistic channel model is vital for designing, optimizing, and evaluating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-to-ground (U2G) communication systems. This paper proposes a shadow fading (SF) model for the U2G channel, which mainly considers the carrier frequency and the distribution of buildings in the scenario. A parametric lognormal model statistically describes the proposed model and the scenario-dependent parameters are computed by a method combining ray-tracing (RT) technology and virtual scenarios. In addition, the frequency is introduced to explore the influence on SF parameters. The simulation results show that the distribution parameters of the proposed model are in good agreement with the reference values of the standardized model in typical scenarios, which proves the correctness of the proposed model.