Self-Sustainable Wearable and Internet of Things (IoT) Devices for Health Monitoring: Opportunities and Challenges

Wearable and Internet of Things devices (IoT) are becoming ubiquitous in health applications, such as movement disorders, rehabilitation, and activity monitoring. Wearable IoT devices are enabling these applications through low-power sensors, processors, and machine learning algorithms. However, widespread adoption of wearable IoT devices has been limited due to challenges such as energy sustainability, sensor data shift during real-world usage, missing data, privacy, and security. Multiple health organizations have stipulated that resolving these challenges is crucial to bolster the adoption of wearable IoT devices. This paper reviews the primary challenges to wearable IoT devices and current state-of-the-art in addressing these challenges. Specifically, the goal of this paper is also to review state-of-the-art research across multiple challenges to wearable IoT devices, as opposed to focusing on a single area. We also highlight some future research directions and open problems to achieve widespread adoption of wearable IoT devices.