A PID-Based Design for Preventing Liquid Spillage during Container Transportation

Autonomous transportation vehicles are widely employed in various fields, including offices and restaurants, for tasks such as delivery. However, the use of open containers for liquid transportation poses challenges. The movement of the transporter can cause liquid spillage, leading to failed transportation objectives and potential hazards. Currently, there is a lack of a cost-effective and convenient tool that effectively prevents liquid spillage and can be applied to diverse autonomous transportation systems. To address the issue, the author conducted a mechanical analysis and kinematic modeling of container and liquid motion. It was determined that minimizing the horizontal forces exerted by the container on the liquid is vital to reducing spillage. Accordingly, the author designed a microcontroller-based PID algorithm-controlled flat carrier plate capable of tilting motion. This design aligns the force on the liquid as close to perpendicular to the container base as possible. The advantages of incorporating PID control algorithms in this design are also discussed. The design encompasses structural and program development, as well as component selection. Feasibility was demonstrated through software simulations of the design's shortest response time, along with its mechanical model. Experimental results indicate that the proposed design exhibits fast response times during dynamic processes, features a simple structure suitable for various containers and vehicles, and effectively reduces liquid spillage. By integrating theoretical algorithms, models, and practical applications, this design encourages further exploration of methods to protect transported objects in small-scale transportation systems.