Yield and Hot-Spot Analysis for Replacing Bypass Diodes with PV Module-Integrated Microinverters

Photovoltaic modules with bypass diodes have been state of the art for years. In addition, optimizers or microinverters can be used as power electronics directly connected to the module to increase energy yield in certain installation scenarios. This paper addresses the replacement of bypass diodes with module-integrated power electronics while maintaining the protective function for the PV cells by means of a basic PV voltage measurement of a half cell photovoltaic module equipped with mono PERC cells in various irradiance and shading scenarios. A concluding comparison of the energy yield between a PV module with bypass diodes and the defined measures of the integrated hardware is presented.