Integrated Voltage and Frequency Support in Microgrids Using Droop and Model Predictive Control with Energy Storage Systems

Microgrids are unique due to their high R/X ratio, resulting in significant voltage sensitivity to both active and reactive power changes. However, their frequency is primarily affected by active power variations alone. This paper aims to address the challenges posed by this dichotomy by integrating input power coupling mechanisms into the control framework. The goal is to effectively mitigate interference between voltage and frequency as-pects in microgrids. To tackle the voltage and frequency deviations often seen in microgrids, this paper introduces a novel control framework that combines droop control and model predictive control (MPC). This integration allows for comprehensive voltage and frequency support using energy storage systems (ESS). A study using a simplified MATLAB/Simulink model demonstrates the potential of this approach. Additionally, various case studies highlight the framework's adaptability and versatility. Overall, this research contributes to enhancing microgrid stability and reliability, particularly in the presence of significant voltage and frequency fluctuations.