Design of a Wireless Underground Sensor Networks for Tunnel Rescuing

In challenging tunnel scenarios, conventional communication methods employing radio frequency (RF), ultra-wideband (UWB), or Wi-Fi signals often encounter limitations, including low reliability, high interference, and restricted coverage. Additionally, the use of wired communications proves impractical due to its high cost, low mobility, and maintenance complexities. Recognizing these shortcomings, the proposed soil communication system introduces a paradigm shift by harnessing advanced soil communication modules to establish a robust and efficient network. This approach overcomes the shortcomings of traditional communication methods, providing a reliable means of communication between trapped individuals and rescue teams. This technology not only ensures real-time information exchange but also significantly enhances coordination during rescue operations, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful outcomes. The gathered data is wirelessly transmitted through a wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) transmitter module, received on the surface by an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and connected to the internet of things (IoT) network. This information, including location, air quality, and user messages, becomes accessible remotely, empowering rescue workers to precisely locate individuals, understand potential hazards, and strategize efficient rescue operations. The scope involves the development of specialized communication devices tailored for soil communication. By addressing the challenges associated with conventional communication in tunnel environments, the soil communication system aims to revolutionize emergency services, acting as a vital lifeline for individuals trapped below ground and improving the overall effectiveness of rescue missions.