Enhancing Security and Scalability in Vehicular Networks: A Bayesian DAG Blockchain Approach with Edge-Assisted RSU

Fifth Generation (5G) enabled Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication emerges as a promising solution for seamless communication in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) comprising both driver-based and autonomous vehicles to overcome security threats. The existing approaches focused on either vehicle or message authentication using blockchain technology; however, doesn’t achieve overall security and face scalability issues due to the linearity of blockchain. In this paper, the network is initially partitioned into M×M grid structures, and the Edge Assisted Roadside Units (ERSU) form a network graph using an Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) with entities in the grid. The Bayesian DAG blockchain-based decentralized authentication of entities is carried out to mitigate the scalability issues and reduce the computational complexity of the Trusted Authorities (TA). The anonymity of the entities is preserved by generating the Virtual ID by means of the Enhanced Blowfish Algorithm (EBA). The proposed approach is simulated using OMNET++ and SUMO simulation tools and evaluated with several performance metrics. The results show that our work outperforms the existing approaches in all the metrics, making it a valuable candidate for ensuring the security of 5G-V2X communication.