Review of Digital Twin Technology Applications in Hydrogen Energy

Hydrogen energy is a clean and versatile energy carrier, increasingly recognized for its role in a sustainable energy future due to its clean and abundant energy production. Bridging the gap between potential and practicality, Digital Twin (DT) technology emerges as a pivotal artificial intelligence tool, providing a virtual modelling platform that enhances the operation and integration of hydrogen energy into modern energy systems. This review firstly explores the multifaceted applications of DT technology across different stages of the hydrogen energy lifecycle, including production, storage, transport, and utilization. It commences with a detailed introduction to DT technology, elucidating its definition, core principles, and structural nuances, thus laying the groundwork for understanding its pivotal role in energy systems. The core of the review delves into the applications of DT technology in hydrogen energy, segmenting the discussion into production, storage, transport, and utilization processes. Specific focus is given to optimizing fuel cells and hybrid electric vehicles through DT models, along with the seamless integration of hydrogen systems with broader energy networks. It further dissects the working mechanism of DT, highlighting the key features that contribute to itsgrowing prominence in the energy sector.