The State-of-the-Art Review on the Sensors used in the Automotive Sector

This research paper explores the extensive role of sensors in various engineering applications, particularly focusing on their significance in automotive systems. Beginning with an introduction to automated systems enabled by sensors, the paper delves into the diverse types of sensors and their applications. It highlights the pivotal role of sensors in modern automobiles, where they contribute to performance enhancement, efficiency, and safety. The paper discusses the evolution of sensor technology, emphasizing the significance of materials such as semiconductors, metals, ceramics, polymers, and piezoelectric materials in sensor fabrication. It further examines the key characteristics of these materials and their relevance to sensor performance. Additionally, the paper discusses emerging sensor technologies, including IoT-enabled sensors, power sensors, wearable sensors, AI-enabled sensors, biometric sensors, and augmented reality sensors, and their potential impact on various industries. Finally, it addresses the challenges and future directions in sensor technology, particularly in the context of autonomous vehicles. Overall, this paper provides comprehensive insights into the role of sensors in modern engineering applications and highlights the importance of materials in sensor design and functionality.