Development of a Biodegradable Hybrid Inspired Paper Battery Powered By Carbon-Black with Origami Design Applicable for Biomedical Smart Systems

This paper introduces a novel paper battery with origami-inspired design, water activation, and biodegradability for biomedical smart systems like pacemakers and insulin detectors. It employs a zinc-based anode and graphite-based cathode, both non-toxic and biodegradable, with added current collectors for enhanced electron flow and efficiency. Submerged in water, it achieves a record power density of 359.75 μW/cm^2 and a maximum voltage output of 3.35 volts, lasting approximately two hours. Testing different origami designs—Map-Fold, Transforming Ninja Star, and Miura-Ori—reveals their potential for various biomedical applications. The Map-Fold exhibits the highest folding endurance, while the Transforming Ninja Star is the most complex to fabricate. Additionally, the Miura-Ori proves sturdiest under weight tests. This innovation aims to mitigate carbon emissions from conventional batteries, offering unique advantages in biomedical device integration.