Development of Electric Vehicle Charging Tariff Strategy for Indonesian Grid Authority with Real-Time Elasticity Pricing

In light of the excessive supply of fossil power generation and penetration of intermittent solar Photovoltaic (PV) power, along with the anticipation of power drawn from Electric Vehicle (EV) charging, understanding the electricity markets is essential for suppliers and consumers. Anticipating the fluctuation from the generation and EV charging profiles and forecasting the electricity tariff would benefit the grid authority while providing a fair tariff for the EV owner. However, in addition to the tariff problems, the tariff strategy should encourage efficient grid use, including its various energy sources, without putting undue financial burden on EV owners. Current research has many pricing methods, but they do not consider several variables simultaneously, so the results are still not comprehensive. In this journal, we discuss the development of the Real-Time Elasticity Pricing method, which considers several variables simultaneously and is expected to provide more comprehensive results. This paper aimed to develop an EV electric tariff strategy for Indonesia Grid Authority, embracing the Solar PV integration and Hydrogen Energy Storage System into Java-Bali Power Grid. The real-time electricity tariff is computed and forecasted a day ahead using the Indonesia generation profile, load profile, Solar PV irradiance profile with residential EV owner charging profile, and EV charging scheme. The time-based tariff is analyzed using standard residual deviation within linear regression combined with the market elasticity method. The results reveal that the strategy cannot load-follow hourly, which is exciting and aligns with the nature of EV charging concerning its stochastic behavior and technical specification. Viewing electricity consumption for EV charging in specific schemes of certain groups of hours as distinct commodities could be helpful, as it allows for more precise management and pricing.