A Review and Analysis of Attack and Countermeasure Approaches for Enhancing Smart Grid Cybersecurity

The Smart Grid (SG) is an advanced power network that facilitates the two-way exchange of energy and information between consumers and providers. The field of cyber-physical smart grid has witnessed significant progress in recent times, leading to the development of various innovative gadgets that rely on information and communication technology. Yet, the utilization of ICT devices has greatly increased the vulnerability of SGs to potential attacks and broadened their range of potential threats. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis, based on reviews, of 184 contemporary attack and countermeasure strategies in the field of cybersecurity for smart grids. This article aims to examine the latest and most effective strategies of offensive and defensive maneuvers, as they undergo continuous advancements.