Internet of Things (IoT): Origins, Embedded Technologies, Smart Applications, and Its Growth in the Last Decade

The idea of the IoT began back in 1982 when a vending machine was connected to the internet, then to the concept of Mark Weiser in 1992, then RFID, and so on. A detailed evolution of the IoT and how it was transforming is given. Due to the wide embracement of IoT by industries and home users, it has become the cornerstone of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) market. The market value of the IoT was worth 1.90 billion in 2018; 25 billion in 2020; 925.2 billion as of 2023; while it is forecasted to hit 6 trillion in 2025 at 15.12% growth rate. This work presented some major technologies integrated with the IoT to achieve a certain goal and improve an existing system. IoT’s capability to create smart applications is demonstrated and some major distinctions between IoT & the Internet were highlighted.