Experimental Design of a Delay Reduction Model using Enhanced Routing Protocol to Ensure Lifetime Enhancement of Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhance the longevity of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by mitigating delays through an improved routing protocol. In WSNs, where energy consumption and delay profoundly impact network performance and lifespan, optimizing these factors is paramount. Traditional methodologies often rely on clustering techniques and data aggregation to minimize delay and enhance energy efficiency. However, these methods may not fully address the intricacies of WSNs. In this research, we propose a novel approach that integrates Fuzzy C-Means Clustering into a data aggregation framework to optimize energy usage and reduce delays. Unlike conventional models, our method incorporates a hybrid design to ensure enhancements in quality of service. The proposed model employs a whale optimization technique, leveraging heterogeneous functions to optimize results. For cluster head selection, the Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol (TEEN) is utilized, while Minimum Cost Forwarding (MCF) guides the routing path. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed model, particularly with Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and TEEN, achieves minimal delay and energy consumption by sensor nodes. A comparative analysis with existing theories underscores the effectiveness of our approach, highlighting significant improvements in energy efficiency, delay reduction, and overall quality of service. Simulation experiments are conducted using MATLAB 2019