Optimized Electrophoretic Display: Dynamic Multiwaveform Invocation With Localized Time-Division for Low-Flicker Video Display

Capitalizing on their unique bistable and reflective attributes, electrophoretic displays (EPDs) provide a paper-like viewing experience with remarkably low power usage. This has driven their broad application across various fields, including eye-friendly E-readers, energy-saving electronic labels, cutting-edge wearable technology, outdoor displays, and intelligent low-power devices. In this study, a dynamic multiwaveform invocation and local time-division refresh (LTDR) technology are introduced. On the one hand, we compressed and modified traditional driving waveform to various extents first, forming optimized traditional driving waveform, fast driving waveform, and speed driving waveform. Subsequently, high-frequency oscillation waveform was incorporated into the fast driving waveform, and a variety of waveforms were dynamically invoked based on different display scenarios. On the other hand, we proposed an LTDR method, to refresh the resetting phase and driving phase in different regions simultaneously, thereby reducing the flicker effects caused by refreshing. The technology could balance display quality with refresh speed and eliminate flicker caused by traditional waveforms completely. Compared to the traditional waveform, the proposed technique can display 16-level grayscales while reducing the driving time and modulation depth by 60% and 95%, respectively, which greatly improves the reading experience of E-paper. In addition, the fast driving waveforms proposed can achieve low flicker and smooth video display in EPDs. Compared with the latest video display technology, its average structural similarity index measure (SSIM) is improved by 60.29% and energy consumption had reduced by 60.00%, which meets the demand for streaming video display on E-paper.