Universal Data Specification and Real-Time Data Streaming Architecture for Cloud-Based Battery Management Systems

Effective operation of a cloud-based electric vehicle (EV) battery management system (BMS) and control of associated modular multilevel inverters (MMIs) require real-time streaming of operational data. However, the existing data specifications are only suitable for hard-wired battery configuration and battery testers to store long-term historical data. This article fills this gap by introducing a standard data specification and cloud-based architecture to store and analyze operational data for implementing cloud-based BMS. The approach can simplify the implementation of cloud-based digital twinning of batteries and BMS. The proposed data specification will ease research and development in the battery platform. In addition, the specification can accommodate the configuration and control parameters of MMI-based reconfigurable battery packs and is also suitable for real-time data streaming. The effectiveness of the proposed data specification in cloud-based real-time data streaming as well as state estimation, and the provision of accommodating measurement error is demonstrated through the experimental data and analysis.