A Wireless Wearable Ecosystem for Social Network Analysis in Free-Living Animals

Studying animal social systems requires understanding variations in contact and interaction, influenced by factors, such as environmental conditions, resource availability, and predation risk. Traditional observational methods have limitations, but advancements in sensor technologies and data analytics provide new opportunities. We developed a wireless wearable sensor system, ‘‘Juxta,’’ with features, such as modular battery packs and a smartphone app for data collection. A pilot study on free-living prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a species with complex social behavior, demonstrated Juxta's potential for studying social networks and behavior. We propose a framework for merging temporal, spatial, and event-driven data, which can help explore complex social dynamics across species and environments.