Pricing Design for EV Platoon Charging Network with Hybrid Traffic Flows

This paper concentrates on the pricing design in electric vehicle (EV) platoon charging networks with hybrid traffic flows, where there exist different sizes of EV platoons, and charging stations have different amounts of available renewable energy. Two pricing schemes are proposed in terms of behavior awareness and congestion awareness to strike a balance between network revenue, renewable energy utilization, and overloading avoidance. Specifically, the proposed behavior-aware pricing scheme is a probabilistic approach to address the effects of driving preferences, which determines the targeted charging stations based on the charging costs. Therefore, the charging price is optimized to maximize the network revenue while improving renewable energy utilization. The proposed congestion-aware pricing scheme seeks to mitigate the overloading at each charging station by introducing the piecewise pricing mechanism, where the charging price at the charging station depends on the charging demand. The results demonstrate that our pricing schemes can boost network revenue and renewable energy utilization well. The behavior-aware pricing scheme can achieve larger network revenue than the congestion-aware pricing counterpart, and the congestion-aware pricing scheme is a better option for overcoming the load imbalance.