A Comparative Experimental Analysis of Routing Protocols for Environmental Monitoring Wireless Sensor Network

This research paper delves into an empirical analysis of routing protocols-LEACH, DSDV, and AODV -within the domain of Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSNs). HWSNs, comprising a fusion of diverse sensor nodes and communication technologies, present unique challenges and opportunities in optimizing data transmission, energy utilization, and network performance. The paper explores the significance of routing protocols in HWSNs and emphasizes the crucial role they play in governing data communication, energy efficiency, and adapt-ability to dynamic environments. The study employs Sensenuts hardware as a platform for conducting rigorous experiments, leveraging its versatility and compatibility with various sensor types to emulate diverse network configurations and simulate real-world scenarios. Through controlled experiments, simulations, and testbed analyses, the research compares and evaluates the performance of LEACH, DSDV, and AODV routing protocols. LEACH, a clustering-based protocol, focuses on energy efficiency through cluster organization and dynamic head rotation. DSDV operates proactively, maintaining updated routing tables for consistent routes, while AODV establishes on-demand routes to minimize overhead dynamically. The research paper's structure encompasses a comprehensive exploration, starting with a liter-ature review contextualizing the significance of routing protocols in HWSNs, followed by a detailed methodology describing the ex-perimental setup and rationale. The subsequent sections analyze empirical findings, interpret protocol performance under diverse conditions, and discuss implications for practice. The conclusion summarizes key insights derived from the analysis and proposes future research directions within the domain of routing protocols in HWSNs.