Optimal Operation of Electric-hydrogen Integrated Energy System Considering Carbon-trading and Demand Response

To achieve low-carbon and environmentally friendly operation of the integrated energy system while considering the interests of both operators and users, this paper proposes a master-slave game optimization model considering China Certified Emission Reductions (CCERs) and supply and demand side responses. First, a master-slave game optimization model is constructed with the operator as the leader and the load aggregator as the follower, and an objective function with the goal of maximizing the operator’s return is established based on the consideration of the carbon trading mechanism and CCERs. Second, the load aggregator conducts trading based on the energy price set by the operator, exploits the cluster dispatchability and demand response potential of the customer-side EV, determines its operation strategy as an energy storage unit, and commissions the aggregator to sell the CCERs generated from EV charging to minimize the energy costs of the load aggregator. Finally, the comparison of the results of multiple scenarios illustrates the rationality of the model, which can effectively reduce carbon emissions, increase the operator’s revenue, and reduce the user’s energy cost.