Optimization Approach for a SAR small satellite in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) Demonstrator Mission

This study provides an in-depth exploration into the design, optimization, and feasibility of deploying Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO). Leveraging the inherent advantages of VLEO, such as increased payload capacity and higher resolution imaging, the study aims to overcome the typical challenges of atmospheric drag and system stability through innovative design and optimization techniques. A comprehensive optimization tool was developed to iteratively refine the satellite’s shape, subsystems, and component choices, taking into account aerodynamic considerations unique to VLEO. Remarkably, the optimized design not only meets but exceeds the set mission objectives, achieving a total system mass well below the 150kg target and an imaging resolution as fine as 0.25m. While challenges related to aerodynamic effects and system stability exist, they are far from insurmountable and expected to diminish with technological advancements. The optimization tool developed is versatile enough that could be adapted for different payloads and orbits, offering a generalizable approach that could accelerate advancements in earth observation.