Multiport Power Converters in EV: An overview

This An electric vehicle (EV) utilizes an electric motor for propulsion, which distinguishes it from traditional vehicles that rely on internal-combustion engines, which generate power through the combustion of fuel and gases. Consequently, electric vehicles are viewed as a prospective substitute for present-day automobiles, as they offer a solution to the mounting concerns of pollution, global warming, resource depletion, and related environmental issues. While the idea of electric vehicles has existed for an extended period, it has gained substantial attention in the last decade due to the escalating carbon footprint and environmental consequences associated with conventional fuel-powered vehicles. To expand the driving range in electric vehicles, various energy sources such as supercapacitors, fuel cells, and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems need to be connected to the battery. This, in turn, reduces the time required for charging, which is a significant drawback of electric vehicles. To efficiently manage multiple energy sources with different voltage-current (V-I) characteristics, a highly efficient power electronic circuitry is required. This circuitry should be capable of facilitating efficient power transfer between the energy sources and the vehicle's propulsion system. The DC-DC converter plays a crucial role in handling and stabilizing the energy from multiple sources at the DC bus. Consequently, there has been a recent trend of transforming DC-DC converters from single input to multi input (MIC) configurations. The integration of multiple energy sources has led to the development of new topologies, which can be even more complex. Selecting the appropriate topology poses additional challenges in finding the most suitable solution for specific applications. In this paper a review of different topologies of converters has been laid down such as Leu, Cuk, a buck converter etc and different methodologies have been discussed to get the optimal output from the converter to the transmission system of EV.