Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials

Summary

Carbon‐based nanomaterials are produced and used in many industrial sectors. These materials include carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, and carbon‐onions. Arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and laser ablation are major methods for fabrication of these materials (except carbon black), and by changing fabrication conditions, the properties of carbon‐based nanomaterials can be changed. There are four main methods of interest to synthesize graphene, namely exfoliation of graphite, CVD, chemical, and electrochemical synthesis route. This chapter discusses some of the important techniques with a particular emphasis on the identification of graphene. The furnace black and thermal black processes are used to make carbon black, but the furnace black process is the most common commercial process. Recently, chemical doping of nanodiamonds has been studied extensively aiming to control their physical properties and enable the design of nanoscale diamond‐based semiconductors and fluorescent biomarkers with the desired physical properties.