Aquaculture IoT Security Landscape: A Comprehensive Analysis of Threats and Mitigation Strategies

The use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in aquaculture has transformed the management of aquatic resources by providing formerly unknown opportunities for automation, data collection, and decision-making. However, this perspective shift also brings up substantial cybersecurity concerns that require immediate attention. This survey provides a thorough analysis of a broad range of security threats, including replay attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, denial-of-service attacks, jamming, malicious node injection, and various other attacks that are under different layers. To improve the reliability and safety of aquaculture IoT systems, the study methodically looks into specific countermeasures at the Perception/Physical, Network, Processing, and Application layers. Encryption, application-layer filtering, and physical-layer tamper-resistant technologies are recommended solutions that prioritize data integrity and security and work as an active defensive strategy. Beyond just a technological requirement, aquaculture IoT security is crucial for preserving the health of aquatic ecosystems and ensuring the long-term resilience of aquaculture operations against various security threats. This preventive strategy safeguards future developments in aquaculture IoT while highlighting the vital need for data security and quality.