Optimization research on closed-loop supply chain network under carbon trading

To realize the optimization of a closed-loop supply chain network with carbon trading, a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model that comprehensively coordinated economic benefits, carbon emission, and social responsibility was proposed, to solve a multi-tier closed-loop supply chain network problem, including facility type selection and (re)manufacture. Two models are established according to whether they consider carbon trading and the objective functions of economic and environmental goals connected through quota-based carbon trading when the model considers carbon trading. Then, NSGA-II is used to solve two models and verify the effectiveness of the two models and the method’s feasibility via test problems. Finally, some suggestions are provided for closed-loop supply chain network design based on the sensitivity analysis of parameters relevant to carbon trading.