Security of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: A Review of Attacks and Mitigation Strategies

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) play a significant role in shaping the future of intelligent transportation by enhancing safety, efficiency, and reliability. CAV s, however, are vulnerable to a range of cyber-physical attacks since they rely on various sensors and communication networks. In this paper, we aim to propose a generalized attack model, discuss the current vulnerabilities of CAV s, and provide an overview of the previous and current detection and mitigation approaches. A variety of academic and industrial studies have been conducted on categorizing attacks targeting CAV s and their countermeasures. Nonetheless, few have addressed CAVs as a control system. This research focuses on modeling vulnerabilities, detecting cyberattacks, and mitigating them from the perspective of control systems. Furthermore, we suggest utilizing a multi-vector mitigation strategy to enhance the general safety and security of CAV s.