Decoding Driving Neural Dynamics: An Exploratory Survey of EEG Applications in Unraveling Cognitive Processes in Virtual Reality Environments

The exploratory survey embarks on the crossroads of neuroscience, virtual reality, and transportation research, exploring studies, located upon a systematic review, of the brain's cognitive processes, assessed by electroencephalography (EEG), within virtual reality (VR) based driving environments. In driving research, combining virtual reality with bio-physiological monitoring technology has recently opened up a revolutionary new field that promise never-before-seen insights into driving behaviors and cognitive processes and the creation of innovative technology that could significantly enhance road safety and driving experiences. The exploration found four major domains where the crucial link between human cognition and driving is studied. While most studies focused on driver fatigue detection, monitoring, and forecasting, studying the cognitive responses and brain dynamics in navigation, obstacle avoidance, and other distracting external stimuli are among the trends. Developing real-time advanced embedded monitoring systems technologies to guide future assisted and autonomous transportation technology was also noted. This survey aims to deepen our understanding of EEG applications in VR-based driving studies, unlock the potential for innovative interventions, and provide recommendations for prospective studies contributing to the evolution of intelligent transportation systems.