A Novel Design of High Performance Two-Stage Operational Amplifier using CMOS Technology

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are essential components in electronics and are widely used for signal amplification, filtering, and mathematical operations. Their versatility, high gain, and precise performance make them fundamental in designing analog and mixed-signal circuits for different applications This project centers on the design and stability analysis of a two-stage operational amplifier, aiming to enhance its performance and robustness in analog applications. The initial stage comprises a differential amplifier designed to amplify input signals, and the second stage, configured as a voltage amplifier, further amplifies the signal, providing increased overall gain and addressing specific application requirements. Phase margin is crucial in a two-stage operational amplifier as it directly influences stability. To improve the phase margin and enhance stability, different compensation techniques involve the introduction of a compensating capacitor to counteract the Miller effect and placing a resistor in series with capacitor are used. The proposed op-amp is implemented with a 102% reduction in the offset, a 10% improvement in phase margin when compared with related works, and verified in the HSPICE software.