Optimization Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks Node Localization: An Overview

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a critical role in numerous applications, and accurate localization of sensor nodes is vital for their effective operation. In recent years, optimization algorithms have garnered significant attention as a means of enhancing the WSN node localization. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of the necessity of localization in WSN nodes, and offers a comprehensive review of the optimization algorithms used for this purpose. This review encompasses a diverse range of optimization techniques, including evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, and metaheuristic approaches. Key factors such as localization accuracy, scalability, computational complexity, and robustness were systematically evaluated and compared across various optimization algorithms. Additionally, the study sheds light on the strengths and limitations of each optimization approach and discusses their applicability in different WSN deployment scenarios. The insights provided in this review serve as valuable resources for researchers and practitioners seeking to optimize WSN node localization, thus promoting the efficient and reliable operation of WSNs in diverse real-world applications.