Analysis of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Accuracy Using Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) Method for Measuring the Situation of Open Pit Mining in PT. Berau Coal

Mining sector plays a significant role in the national economy and development, as a major contributor to the country's foreign exchange. Technological advancements in surveying offer another alternative for mining survey measurements, specifically using $U$ nmanned Aerial Vehicles (UA V). UA V represent the latest technological development that has been proven to be an efficient and highly accurate alternative for topographic measurements. In this study, a comparison was conducted on the correction of aerial photo results using UAV in Site Gurimbang Mine Operation PT. Berau Coal Energy. We are employing the Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) method with and without Ground Control Points (GCPs). The results of the PPK correction with GCPs show smaller errors. We check the accuracy our analysis using the SNI 8202–2019 standard for Basic Map Accuracy. We also compared the volume between the data acquired from UA V acquisition and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) data, resulting in a standard deviation of 0.38%. This deviation is consistent with the ASTM standard, which is 2%.