Cobots in SMEs: Implementation Processes, Challenges, and Success Factors

The integration of industrial and collaborative robots (cobots) in Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) has been steadily growing. Cobots emerged as cost-effective, flexible, and lightweight industrial robots, which are easily tailored to the manufacturing needs of SMEs. Unfortunately, SMEs still encounter formidable challenges, while venturing into the realm of cobot integration. That is why this study seeks to investigate the processes, challenges, and success factors associated with the adoption of cobots in European manufacturing SMEs. We employed a qualitative exploratory case study methodology, incorporating interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal three primary clusters of barriers to cobot implementation: technical, organizational, and cultural. Technical challenges include complexities in programming and safety assessment, while organizational hurdles encompass job redesign and integration knowledge. Cultural barriers involve concerns such as the fear of job displacement, safety issues, and skepticism. Addressing these barriers is imperative for the successful implementation of cobots. These insights offer practical guidance to SMEs aiming to seamlessly integrate cobots and contribute to the existing literature on cobot implementation within SMEs. Furthermore, this research serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, aiding them in devising effective strategies for cobot adoption. By doing so, it promotes innovation and enhances competitiveness within the manufacturing sector.